The process of removal of contaminants from wastewater, either from household sewage or industries is known as sewage treatment. This treatment involves Physical, chemical, and biological processes that are used to remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater that is safer for the environment. The end-product of sewage treatment is usually a semi-solid waste or slurry, called sewage sludge. The sludge has to undergo further treatment before being suitable for disposal or application to land. In most cities, the sewer system will carry a proportion of industrial effluent to the sewage treatment plant which has usually received pre-treatment at the factories themselves to reduce the pollutant load.
The main aim of treating wastewater is to produce an effluent that will do very little harm to the surrounding environment as opposed to when it is left untreated. This, in turn, gets the job done and prevents it from polluting not just the land but also the water system that it is let into.
Sewage treatment generally involves three stages, called primary, secondary and tertiary treatment.
Primary treatment basically just holds the sewage, temporarily, in a quiescent basin where the heavy solids settle to the bottom while oil, grease, and lighter solids float to the surface. These settled materials and the floating ones can now be easily removed and the remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment. Some sewage treatment plant that is connected to a combined sewer system can allow the water treated at the primary treatment unit to skip the secondary and tertiary units during heavy rainfalls and storms.
Secondary treatment removes the biological matter from the water Secondary treatment is typically performed by indigenous, water-borne micro-organisms in a managed habitat.Tertiary treatment basically just allows the outflow of water into the externally water sources. In tertiary treatment, the water is treated with certain chemicals to make it as save as possible for the environment. This water may be used for agriculture.
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